Headcanon:

For Earth 616 verse, or Marvel period to make it easier on the muns in different fandoms. Jack was experimented on by scientists who injected her with a element called Element Zero that can generate Mass Effect fields and dark matter. No one has really heard about this because the operation was kept secret due to risky experimentation on an adolescent. (Also in this verse Jack wouldn’t have escaped the facility until she was maybe eighteen). Eventually over time Jack was developed into a mutant and has been able to use this mass effect field and defend herself, using barriers, moving mass objects (like people, anything with mass), creating a shock wave that allows her to send a powerful force destroying things in her path. In the Earth 616 verse she refers to her powers as biotics just like in Mass Effect, with the exception of the Cerberus background and more mutant.